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Chronological History of Cyprus
 
c.8,500 - 8,000 BC - Hunter Gatherers in Cyprus

7,000 - 5,300 BC - The first settlers: the Khirokitians 
 
4,000 - 2,500 BC - Chalcolitic (Copper) Age: stone crucifix pendants are carved 
 
2,700 - 1,600 BC - Cypriot Bronze Ages, Early and Middle: cattle, horses, and bronze making are introduced as well as highly individual pottery style
 
1,600 - 1,050 BC -
The Late Bronze Age: period of sophisticated literate city states such as Enkomi-Alasia and Kition
 
1,500 - 1,450 BC - Hittite rule in Cyprus
 
1,450 - 1,000 BC - Beginning of the Egyptian domination of the island 
 
1,200 - 1,000 BC - Establishment of the city states of Salamis (capital at the time), Soli, Marion, Paphos, Kurium, and Kyrenia; arrival of Greek colonies
 
1,000 - 850 BC - Iron Age - Cypro-Geometric Period.
The coming of Iron, the Dorians and a Dark Age also known as Cypro-Geometric I and II
 
850 - 750 BC - Iron Age - Cypro-Geometric Period.
The Phoenician led Renaissance and Assyrian rule on the island.
 
750 - 475 BC - Iron Age - Cypro-Archaic Period.
Time of the city-kingdoms despite the island being ruled by a succession of foreign countries for much of the period (Assyrians, from 709 BC; Egyptians, from c.570 BC; and Persians, from 545 BC)
 
568 - 525 BC - Egyptian domination
 
525 - 333 BC - Iron Age - Cypro-Classical Period
This period sees the Persian occupation and the rule of the island and the duel between the city kingdoms of Kition and Salamis.
 
333 - 58 BC - Hellenistic rule
During this period the heirs of the Alexander the Great rule Cyprus
 
58 BC - 395 AD - Roman Empire ruling Cyprus:
350 years of quiet provincial prosperity
 
395 - 649 - Island becomes a part of the Byzantine Empire when Cyprus is gradually converted from paganism to Orthodox Christianity (Early Byzantine period)
 
649 - 965 - A second Dark Age
The island is caught on the frontier between the two warring empires of Byzantium and Islam
 
965 - 1191 - Late Byzantine Period
This period sees the return of the island to Byzantium
 
1191 - 1192 - Rule of the island by Richard I (the Lionheart), of England and later by the Knights Templars
 
1192 - 1489 - Lusignan Period
Rule of the island by the Frankish Lusignan dynasty
 
1489 - 1570 - Venetian domination of Cyprus
 
1571 - 1878 - Ottoman Rule
Conquest and rule of the island by the Ottoman Empire  
 
1878 - 1925 - Ottoman Land - British Administration
In accordance with a defence-alliance between Britain and the Ottoman Empire, the administration of Cyprus passes to Britain
 
1925 - 1960 - British Crown Colony
Cyprus is annexed by Britain when Ottoman Empire enters into the World War I on the side of Germany; subsequently the island becomes a crown colony and under the British rule
   
1960 - Foundation of the Republic of Cyprus
Turkish-Cypriot and Greek-Cypriot communities declare the independent Republic of Cyprus, guaranteed by Britain, Greece and Turkey, based on the London and Zürich Agreements.  
 
1963 - Inter-communal violence
Inter-communal strife in Cyprus and the subsequent collapse of the constitutional rule
 
1974 - Coup d'état by the Greek army officers stationed on the island to overthrow the President (Makarios) with the aim of uniting the island with Greece; subsequent Turkish Military intervention (under the provisions of the Treaty of Guarantee of the Republic of Cyprus)
 
1974 - Division of the island into Turkish-Cypriot North and Greek-Cypriot South
 
1975 - Declaration of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, to pave way for a federal settlement on the island
 
1983 - Foundation of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
 
1990 - The 'Republic of Cyprus' (effectively the Greek-Cypriot South Cyprus) applied for full membership to the EU on 4th July 1990. This application was made without the consent of the Turkish-Cypriot Community as was required by the 1960 Constitution of the 'Republic of Cyprus'.  
 
2002-3 - Dialogue and negotiations between Denktash & Klerides to unify the North & South before EU entry 
 
2003 - Borders Open
After 30 years borders open between North and South Cyprus on 23 April 2003, following the Turkish-Cypriot Authorities ease the border restrictions.
 
2004 - Twin-Referendums on uniting the island under the UN Annan's Plan - accepted by Turkish-Cypriots, but rejected by Greek-Cypriots. Island (effectively Greek-Cypriot Southern Cyprus) becomes a member of the EU. 

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